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Wiccan morality is largely expressed in the Wiccan Rede: 'An' it harm none, do what ye will' - old-fashioned language for 'as long as you aren't harming anyone, do as you wish'. While this could be interpreted to mean "do no harm at all," it is usually interpreted as a declaration of the freedom to act, along with the necessity of thinking through and taking responsibility for the consequences of one's actions.〔Harrow, Judy (1985) ("Exegesis on the Rede" ) in ''Harvest'' vol. 5, Number 3 (Oimelc 1985). Retrieved 2007-02-26.〕 Another element of Wiccan Morality is expressed in the Law of Threefold Return, which is understood to mean that whatever one does to another person or thing (benevolent or otherwise) returns with triple force.〔Gerald Gardner, ''High Magic's Aid'', London: Michael Houghton, 1949, p.303〕 Opinions differ on whether the form taken by the return of harmful actions might include bad reputation, revenge by others, negative emotional states, an uneasy conscience, poor luck, malign magical influences, something resembling the Hindu concept of karma, or some combination of some or all of these, and also on to what extent the number three should be interpreted poetically rather than literally. Many Wiccans also seek to cultivate a set of eight virtues mentioned in Doreen Valiente's ''Charge of the Goddess'',〔Farrar, Janet & Stewart, ''Eight Sabbats for Witches''.〕 these being mirth, reverence, honour, humility, strength, beauty, power and compassion. ==Wiccan Rede== Wiccan morality is expressed in a brief statement found within a text called the ''Wiccan Rede'': "An it harm none, do what you will." ("An" is an archaic word meaning "if".) The Rede differs from some other well-known moral codes (such as Christian or Islamic notion of sin) in that, while it does contain a prohibition, it is largely an encouragement to act freely. It is normally considered that the prohibition against harm also covers self-harm.〔〔Lembke, Karl (2001) (Beyond the Rede ). Retrieved 2007-02-26.〕 It is also worth noting that "Rede" means advice, as such it is not so much a law that must be followed as advice that it is recommended one follows - not following it would be considered folly more than rule-breaking, though for a group that calls itself "Wise" it follows that such folly would be strongly avoided. A common belief amongst Wiccans is that no magic, even of a beneficent nature, should be performed on any other person without that person's direct informed consent. This stems from the understanding that it would interfere with that person's free will and thus constitute "harm".〔''Coven Craft: Witchcraft for Three or More'', by Amber K, Llewellyn Publications, 1998, ISBN 1-56718-018-3, page 4〕 'Love spells' are very much frowned upon by the greater Wiccan community for precisely this reason.〔''True Magick: A Beginners Guide'', by Amber K, Llewellyn Publications, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7387-0823-2, page 319〕 The Rede's origin is unknown, its earliest mention being by Doreen Valiente at a meeting held by the witchcraft magazine "Pentagram".〔Holzer, Hans "The Truth about Witchcraft Today"〕 Gerald Gardner compared the moral code of witches with the legendary ethic of the fabled King Pausol〔King Pausol was actually a fictional character from a French novel by Pierre Louÿs (1870-1925): ''Les Aventures du roi Pausole : Pausole (souverain paillard et débonnaire)'' published in 1901〕 which was "Do what you like so long as you harm no one". Nevertheless, the similarity of the phrasing of the Rede (and explicit and verbatim phrasing of other texts) suggests that this statement is partly based on the Law of Thelema as stated by occultist Aleister Crowley,〔Sutin, Lawrence, ''Do What Thou Wilt: A Life of Aleister Crowley'', p. 410. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-25243-9.〕 "Do what thou wilt is the whole of the Law. Love is the law, love under will", itself deriving from Rabelais' phrase "''fay çe que vouldras''" ("Do what thou wilt").〔Rabelais. ''Gargantua and Pantagruel'', Book I, Chapter 1.LVII.〕 While the wording of the Rede may have been influenced by the Law of Thelema, there are significant differences: Thelemites consider True Will to be like the idea of a "higher calling" or filling one's niche, based on personal skills. This leads to different interpretations of "do what you will" than that of the Wiccan Rede. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wiccan morality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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